What are the various levels of testing?

In software testing, the levels of testing are the various stages where the testing activities are carried out throughout the software development lifecycle (SDLC).
Every level deals with a particular aspect of the software in order to provide quality and functionality.
Primary Levels of Software Testing

Unit Testing
Purpose: For testing separate units or pieces (such as functions, methods, or classes) of the software.
Done by: Developers
Objective: Make sure that every module or unit performs as expected in isolation.Tools: JUnit (Java), NUnit (.NET), PyTest (Python), TestNG, etc.
Example: Verifying if a login function gives the correct result for provided inputs.
Integration Testing
Purpose: To verify the interaction of modules or components that have been integrated.
Done by: Developers or testers
Objective: Detect faults in data flow and interfaces between modules.
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Approaches:
Big Bang Integration: All modules integrated and tested altogether.
Top-Down Integration: Testing begins from the top-level modules to lower modules.
Bottom-Up Integration: Testing starts from lower-level modules to higher modules.
Hybrid/Sandwich Integration: Combination of both.
Tools: Postman (for API testing), JUnit, TestNG, SOAPUI, etc.
Example: Testing interaction between the login module and database module.
System Testing
Purpose: To test the entire and fully integrated software system as an aggregate.
Performed by: QA/Test team
Objective: Check that the system fulfills all mentioned functional and non-functional requirements.
Types: Functional testing, performance testing, security testing, usability testing, etc.
Example: Testing the whole e-commerce site — from login to payment processing.
Acceptance Testing

Purpose: To confirm the software to business requirements and check if it's ready for release.
Performed by: End users, clients, or QA team
Objective: Verify the software is good enough for real-world usage.
Types:
User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Done by end-users.
Alpha Testing: Carried out at the developer's location.
Beta Testing: Performed at the customer's location.
Example: Verification that the billing process is as the client expects prior to deployment.

Summary Table
Level Focus Area Performed By Goal
Unit Testing Individual components Developers Document correctness of code modules
Integration Testing Interaction between modules Developers/Testers Check data and control flow between units
System Testing Entire system Testers/QA Team Validate overall system functionality
Acceptance Testing Business requirements End-users/Clients Description
Confirm readiness for deployment
Additional (Specialized) Testing Levels
Occasionally, projects also involve:
Regression Testing – After code modifications, to test old functionality remains working.
Smoke Testing – Rapid check to verify critical functions are operational prior to further testing.
Sanity Testing – To validate individual bug fixes or changes.
Would you like me to draw a diagram (visual flowchart) illustrating these test levels in sequence?

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15 FAQs Related to IT Education Centre Software Testing Syllabus

What's included in the software testing syllabus?
Homemade Testing, robotization Testing, Selenium, SQL, API Testing, Agile, ISTQB, real- time systems.
Do you cover SQL in detail?
Yes, SQL fundamentals and advanced queries are included.
Is robotization testing part of the course?
Absolutely — Selenium WebDriver, TestNG, Frameworks, and more.
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Yes, using tools like Postman.
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generally 2 – 3 months, depending on batch type.
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