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What to study for software testing?

5 days ago by aarohi shikhare

Excellent — if you’re planning to learn software testing, it’s smart to know what topics to focus on.
Here’s a clear roadmap that covers everything from basics to advanced, suitable for beginners and those preparing for roles like QA Tester, Test Engineer, or QA Analyst.

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  1. Fundamentals of Software Testing
    Start by understanding what testing is and why it matters.
    What is Software Testing
    Objectives and Principles of Testing
    Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
    Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)
    Verification vs Validation
    QA vs QC (Quality Assurance vs Quality Control)
    Defect, Bug, Error, Failure — Differences
    Goal: Build conceptual clarity.
  2. Types and Levels of Testing

Learn the main categories and phases of testing.
Types of Testing
Functional Testing
Non-functional Testing (Performance, Security, Usability, etc.)
Regression Testing
Smoke and Sanity Testing
Exploratory & Ad-hoc Testing
User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
Levels of Testing
Unit Testing
Integration Testing
System Testing
Acceptance Testing
Aim: Understand what kind of testing is applicable in various situations.

  1. Test Design Techniques
    Understand how to design good test cases.
    Requirement Analysis
    Test Case Design
    Test Data Preparation
    Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)
    Equivalence Partitioning
    Decision Table & State Transition Testing
    Use Case Testing
    Aim: Write intelligent, effective, and reusable test cases.

  2. Defect Management
    Understand how to manage and track bugs.
    Defect Life Cycle / Bug Life Cycle
    Severity vs Priority
    Bug Reporting (Good Bug Report Practices)
    Tools: JIRA, Bugzilla, Azure DevOps, or Mantis
    Goal: Understand real-world defect reporting and tracking.

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  4. Manual Testing Tools
    Familiarize yourself with tools that make manual testing easier.
    JIRA (for issue tracking)
    TestLink or Zephyr (for test case management)
    Postman (for API testing)
    Excel or Google Sheets (for documenting test cases)
    Goal: Become comfortable with the tools used by QA teams.

  5. Automation Testing
    Learn automation basics once you’re solid in manual testing.
    What is Automation Testing
    Advantages & When to Automate
    Scripting Basics (using Java, Python, or JavaScript)
    Tools:
    Selenium WebDriver (most widely used)
    TestNG / JUnit (for test management)
    Cypress, Playwright, or Postman (for APIs)
    Objective: Automate regression or repetitive tests.

  6. Specialized Testing Areas
    Optional but beneficial for career development:
    Performance Testing – JMeter, LoadRunner
    Security Testing – OWASP Basics, Burp Suite
    Mobile App Testing – Appium, Android Studio
    API Testing – Postman, REST Assured
    Database Testing – SQL basics (CRUD operations)

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